By combining mathematics with computational thinking, engineers and scientists are able to push the boundaries of what is possible. Engineers can apply scientific theories in a mathematical manner while scientists can utilise powerful information technologies created by engineers. This allows them to conduct extensive investigations and analyses and build complex models which would otherwise be difficult or even impossible. (NRC Framework, 2012, p. 65).

Students should use mathematics to visualize physical variables and their connections, as well as to make quantitative predictions. Mathematics also has vital applications in science and engineering such as logic, geometry, and calculus. Computers and digital tools can increase the power of mathematics by putting calculations on autopilot, approximating solutions for intractable problems, or examining sizeable datasets to discover underlying patterns.Students are expected to use laboratory tools connected to computers for observing, measuring, recording, and processing data. The NGSS performance expectations provide an overview of the critical mathematics skills necessary for understanding science; however, classroom instruction should seek to enhance students' knowledge in the use of mathematics and computational thinking. Computational thinking encompasses strategies such as data organization, algorithm creation and simulations used on both natural and man-made systems. Mathematics is a powerful tool that is essential for optimizing scientific learning, so it should be at the forefront of any science class.