Asking questions and defining problems is a fundamental practice in the fields of science and engineering. It serves as the starting point for exploration, investigation, and problem-solving. By formulating thoughtful inquiries and clearly identifying challenges or issues, scientists and engineers can direct their efforts towards finding solutions.

The progression of the Science and Engineering Practice of Asking Questions & Defining Problems involves several key steps. Initially, individuals must develop an understanding of the existing knowledge or context surrounding a particular subject. This may involve conducting background research or reviewing relevant literature.

Next, practitioners move on to formulating meaningful questions that address gaps in knowledge or areas of uncertainty. These questions should be specific, focused, and capable of guiding future investigations. They serve as a framework for inquiry and help researchers narrow down their objectives.

Once questions are established, scientists and engineers proceed to design experiments or plans to gather data that can provide insights into the identified problems. This stage requires careful consideration of variables, controls, measurement techniques, and other factors necessary for obtaining reliable results.

After collecting data through experimentation or observation, it is crucial to analyze it effectively. Scientists and engineers employ various methods such as statistical analysis or qualitative interpretation to make sense of the information gathered. This analysis helps identify patterns, trends, correlations, or potential solutions related to the defined problems.

Finally, based on their findings from analyzing data or observations, scientists and engineers draw conclusions regarding the initial questions asked and problems defined. These conclusions may lead to further iterations of testing hypotheses or refining problem statements for ongoing investigations.

Performance expectations in science education often incorporate this Science and Engineering Practice by requiring students to engage in asking questions & defining problems themselves. For example:

• Students may be expected to generate inquiry-based research projects where they identify a question related to a scientific concept or phenomenon.

• They might also be challenged with designing experiments that address specific problem statements within an engineering context.

• Performance tasks could involve analyzing data collected from experiments or investigations to draw evidence-based conclusions regarding identified problems or questions.

• Students may be expected to present their findings and communicate their understanding of the process of asking questions and defining problems.

By engaging in the Science and Engineering Practice of Asking Questions & Defining Problems, learners develop critical thinking skills, become proficient in scientific inquiry, and gain a deeper understanding of the complex challenges faced by scientists and engineers.