5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

Using mathematics and computational thinking

Below is the progression of the Science and Engineering Practice of Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking, followed by Performance Expectations that make use of this Science and Engineering Practice.

5. Using mathematics and computational thinking

In both science and engineering, mathematics and computation are fundamental tools for representing physical variables and their relationships. They are used for a range of tasks such as constructing simulations; statistically analyzing data; and recognizing, expressing, and applying quantitative relationships.

NSTA

NGSS

Primary School (K-2)

Mathematical and computational thinking at the K–2 level builds on prior experience and progresses to recognizing that mathematics can be used to describe the natural and designed world.

Elemenatry School (3-5)

Mathematical and computational thinking at the 3–5 level builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to extending quantitative measurements to a variety of physical properties and using computation and mathematics to analyze data and compare alternative design solutions.

Middle School (6-8)

Mathematical and computational thinking at the 6–8 level builds on K–5 experiences and progresses to identifying patterns in large data sets and using mathematical concepts to support explanations and arguments.

High School (9-12)

Mathematical and computational thinking in 9–12 builds on K–8 experiences and progresses to using algebraic thinking and analysis, a range of linear and nonlinear functions including trigonometric functions, exponentials and logarithms, and computational tools for statistical analysis to analyze, represent, and model data. Simple computational simulations are created and used based on mathematical models of basic assumptions.

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Using mathematics and computational thinking

By grade 12, students should be able to • Recognize dimensional quantities and use appropriate units in scientific applications of mathematical formulas and graphs. • Express relationships and quantities in appropriate mathematical or algorithmic forms for scientific modeling and investigations. • Recognize that computer simulations are built on mathematical models that incorporate underlying assumptions about the phenomena or systems being studied. • Use simple test cases of mathematical expressions, computer programs, or simulations—that is, compare their outcomes with what is known about the real world—to see if they “make sense.” • Use grade-level-appropriate understanding of mathematics and statistics in analyzing data.

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